eliska tejaningtyas: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

A.Active Voice is a feature of sentences in which the subject performs the action of the verb and the direct object is the goal or the recipient.

When using the active voice, the subjects are the ones performing the action.

Example:

1.God loves all men.

2.Birds build nests.

3.Dog eats bones.

B.Passive voice is a feature of sentences in which the object or goal of the action functions as the sentence subject and the main verb phrase includes the verb to be and the past participle.

In the passive voice, the verb takes an object.

Example:

1.All men are loved by God.

2.Nests are built by birds.

3.Bones are eaten by dog.

C.Active sentence in the past continuous tense have the following structure:

Subject + was/were + -ing form of the verb + object

D.Passive sentence in the past continuous tense have the following structure:

Object of the active sentence + was/were + being + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence

Example tenses of Active and Passive Voice:

Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Simple Tense	He writes a letter	A letter is written by him
Present Continous Tense	She is singing a song	A song is being sung by her
Past Continous Tense	She was washing a cloth	A shirt was being washed by her
Present Perfect Tense	He has completed the work	The work has been completed by him
Past Perfect Tense	They had won the game	The game had been won by them
Modal Auxiliaries	I should have started a job	A job should have been started by me

E.Rules for changing Active Voice into Passive Voice:

1. Identify the subject, the verb and the object: SVO

2. Change the object into subject

3. Put the suitable helping verb or auxiliary verb. In case helping verb is given, use the

same. But note that the helping verb given agrees with the object.

4. Change the verb into past participle of the verb.

5. Add the preposition "by"

6. Change the subject into object.

Active Voice	Passive Voice
I write a letter	A letter is written by me
We must keep the rule	The rule must be kept by us
You bought a book	A book have been bought by you
He closed the window	The window was closed by him
She was writing letters	Letters were being written by her
I had posted a letter	A letter had been posted by me
I do not drink tea	Tea is not drunk by me
She does not eat a mango	A mango is not eaten by her
He will have finished his work	The work will have been finished by him
They are digging a well	A well is being dug by them

F.Rules for changing Passive Voice into Active Voice:

While changing Passive Voice into Active Voice, we must keep in mind all the rules of the Active Voice in the reverse order. We come across sentences in the Passive Voice without subject or agent. In this case, supply the appropriate subject.

To decide whether the given passive voice sentence is in passive voice, any one of the following constructions should be present.

1. is, was ,are, were, am + past participle

2. be + past participle

3. being + past participle

4. been + past participle

5. Let ...be + past participle

Passive Voice	Active Voice
The thief was finally arrested	The police finally arrested the thief
We were taught grammar	The teacher taught us grammar
My purse has been stolen	Somebody has stolen my purse
The patients were looked after	The doctor looked after the patients

TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERB

A.Transitive verbs are action verbs that have an object to receive that action. In the first sentence above, the direct object ball received the action of the verb hit.

Here are some more examples of transitive verbs:

1.I baked some cookies.

2.I rode the bicycle.

3.I moved the chair.

4.I stitched a quilt.

All of the verbs in the above sentences are transitive because an object is receiving the action of the verb.

B.Intransitive verbs are action verbs but unlike transitive verbs, they do not have an object receiving the action. Notice there are no words after the verb sang.

More examples of intransitive verbs:

1.I laughed.

2.I cried.

3.The book fell.

4.The horse galloped.

5.The sun set.

In all of the above cases the subject is performing the action of the verb and nothing is receiving the action.

Sources:

1. http://www.weblearn.in/active_passive/

2. http://www.k12reader.com/term/transitive-and-intransitive-verbs/

3. http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson_images/lesson280/grammatically_definitions.html

4. http://www.studyandexam.com/passive-voice-for-tense.html